A Level Sociology OCR Practice Exam

Lukes' second face of power refers to the concept of power that operates beyond visible decision-making processes, illustrating how power can be exercised in subtle and covert ways. This perspective emphasizes that power is sometimes not just about making decisions directly but about shaping the agenda and influencing both public discourse and potential outcomes without apparent confrontation. This idea aligns with the notion of "secretive power behind closed doors," where decision-making and influence occur away from public scrutiny. It highlights how certain groups or individuals may manipulate situations or maintain control without being overtly visible in their actions, thus maintaining a dominant position without clear acknowledgment or confrontation. This form of power can often be more insidious, as it may limit discussions and prevent alternative perspectives from being considered, ultimately affecting who is heard in the political and social landscape. In contrast, direct democracy, transparency in governance, and public accountability emphasize open processes and an engaged citizenry where decisions and influences are visible and accessible. These elements generally reflect a more democratic approach to power, where individuals and groups have the opportunity to participate and hold leaders accountable, opposing the secretive nature described in the correct description of Lukes' second face of power.