A Level Sociology OCR Test 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

One argument against Parsons' beliefs regarding the evolution of the nuclear family focuses on the assertion that the nuclear family has not evolved specifically due to industrialization. Parsons posited that the nuclear family emerged as a response to the needs of industrial societies, emphasizing the family's role in providing social stability and fulfilling specific functions, such as socialization and emotional support. Critics argue that this perspective overlooks the complexity of family forms and the diverse ways in which families across different cultures have adapted to various social changes.

To challenge Parsons' view, it can be highlighted that families have existed in numerous structures before, during, and after the industrialization process, suggesting that the evolution of family forms is not solely tied to industrial advances. This perspective allows for the consideration of alternative family arrangements, such as extended families or communal living, which can also provide necessary support and socialization functions, thereby demonstrating that the nuclear family is not the only or inevitable outcome of societal evolution.